To roll over funds from a 529 plan to a Roth IRA, the 529 account must have been open for at least 15 years. You can transfer a lifetime maximum of $35,000 per beneficiary, but the transfers are subject to annual Roth IRA contribution limits ($7,500 in 2026 for those under 50). Additionally, the beneficiary must have earned income equal to or greater than the rollover amount for the year, and contributions made within the last five years cannot be transferred.