Question

What is a Roth conversion ladder?

Answer

A Roth conversion ladder is a multiyear strategy of converting portions of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, one tax bracket at a time, during low-income years — typically between retirement (age 60) and the start of required minimum distributions (age 73). Each conversion generates future tax-free growth and withdrawals, eliminates RMDs on converted amounts, and gives you flexibility to avoid IRMAA cliffs. Each conversion carries its own five-year rule for penalty-free withdrawal. Staging Roth conversions over several years may help manage the tax impact of conversions while gradually building Roth assets.

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